Öƶȹ©¸øºÍ´´ÐÂÐÎʽ»¯Ö±ÖÁÐéÄ»¯ÏÖÏóÓÉÀ´ÒѾ㬽üÄêÒѾÂûÑÓÉø͸Èëµ£¸º×ÅΪÊг¡Ìṩ¸÷ÀàÈ˲ŵĸßУÕâ¸öÉñÊ¥ÁìµØ£¬½üЩÄêÀ´È«¹úÉÏÏ·׷×ÑïÑïµÄ¸ßУÆÀ¹À»î¶¯Öи÷¼¶Î¯ÍдúÀí²ãµÄÐÎʽÖ÷Òå¡¢ÆÛÉÏÂ÷ÏÂÖ±ÖÁÔì¼ÙÊ¢·ç£»Ö°³ÆÆÀƸÖеĹæÔòÖƶ¨Óë²Ù×÷ʵʩÖеÄÒ컯ÏÖÏó£»ÓÉË®²©Ê¿ÍŶÓ×é³ÉµÄÐÐÕþ¹ÜÀí²ãµÄ¿ÕÖÐÂ¥¸ó·½°¸µÈµÈ£¬ÊÇÿ¸öÓÐÔðÈθкÍÁ¼ÖªµÄ֪ʶ·Ö×ÓËùº®Ðĵġ£
¡¡¡¡1 Öйú¸ßУÖƶȹ©¸øÐÎʽ»¯¡¢ÐéÄ⻯СÂú¹Ú
¡¡¡¡ÕâÀ±ÊÕß¾ÍijһÆÕͨ¸ßУÆÀ¹ÀÖеÄÖƶȴ´ÐÂÐé¼ÙÀý×ÓΪÒý×Ó£¬¸ø³ö¸ßУÐéÄâÖƶȹ©¸ø»ò´´ÐµÄСÂú¹Ú¡£Ä³ÆÕͨ²Æ¾¸ßУ´óÔº³¤ÔÚµÃÖª10¸öÔÂÒÔºóÒª¶Ô±¾Ôº½øÐÐÆÀ¹Àºó£¬Ê×ÏÈÕÙ¼¯È«ÔºÖвã´úÀíÕß×÷ÁËÀ÷º¦³åÍ»µÄ¶¯Ô±±¨¸æ£¬Ëæºó¸÷¶þ¼¶Ôº³¤¾Íè²½½ôËæµØ¶Ô½ÌѧÃØÊéºÍ½ÌÑÐÊÒÖ÷ÈÎÏ´ïÈÎÎñ£¬½Ìѧ´ó¸Ù£¬ÊÔ¾í¹æ·¶£¬ÆäÖнÌѧ¼ì²éѧÉú×ù̸µÈ½üÈýÄêµÄ½Ìѧ×ÊÁ϶¼Òª²¹Æ룬×î¾ß·í´ÌÒâÒåµÄÊÇÔÚ²¹ÆÚÖнÌѧ¼ì²éѧÉú×ù̸×ÊÁÏʱ£¬ÎªÁË·´Ó³´úÀí¹ÜÀí²ã¹¤×÷µÄÔúʵµ½Î»£¬ÆÚÖнÌѧ¼ì²é¹æ·¶³É±í¸ñ»¯£¬ÔÚѧÉú·´Ó³×îºÃÀÏʦ¡¢×î²îÀÏʦÁ½À¸ÖУ¬½ÌѧÃØÊé¸ù¾ÝÈÏʶÓë·ñ£¬°ÑÿѧÆÚÈοÎÀÏʦÖв»ÈÏʶµÄÀÏʦÌîµ½×î²îÀ¸£¬ÈÏʶµÄ¡¢±¾µ¥Î»ÀÏʦÌîµ½ÓÅÐãÀ¸£¬ÎÞÒâÖÐÓÐλ¾´ÒµÀÏʦ·¢ÏÖ£¬ÕÒµ½Ïà¹ØÈËÔ±ÎÊÆ𣬽ÌѧÃØÊéÒ»¿ªÊ¼»¹ÖÊÎÊÕâλÀÏʦ£¬“ÄãÔõô»áÖªµÀ£¿²»ÈÃÆÕͨÀÏʦ¿´µÄ£¬ÁÙʱ²¹µÄ²ÄÁÏ£¬Áìµ¼ÈÃÎÒÃÇÔõô×öÎÒÃǾÍÔõô×ö£¬”¼Ì¶ø½âÊÍ˵“Èç¹ûÈÏʶÄã¾Í²»»áдÄ㣬Éè¼ÆµÄÀ¸Ä¿²»ÄÜ¿Õ×Å£¬ÆäËûѧÆÚÒ²ÊÇÕâÑù£¬Ö»ÊÇΪÁ˸øÁìµ¼¼ì²é£¬Ã»ÈË¿´”¡£×îºóÔÚÕâλÀÏʦµÄÖ´×ÅÏ£¬Õâ¸öÅ«²ÅʽµÄ½ÌѧÃØÊé²»µÃÒÔµÀǸ²¢“ºÃÐÄ”¸æËßµ±ÊÂÀÏʦÕÒ½Ìѧ¸±Ôº³¤£¬ÁíÈËÕ𾪵ÄÊÇÄÇλ¶þ¼¶Ôº¸±Ôº³¤µÄ¹¤×÷×÷·çºÍ̬¶È£¬ËûÏȳϿҵظÐ̾£º“°¥£¬¶¼ÊÇΪÁ˲©Ê¿Ñ§Î»ºÍѧλµã½¨É裬µ±Ê±ÎÒÔÚÍâµØÅܲ©Ê¿Ñ§Î»£¬ÓÖ²»Äܵ¢ÎóѧУµÄÆÀ¹À´óÊ£¬¾ÍÈýÌѧÃØÊé¸ù¾ÝѧУ¾«ÉñºÍ±±´óÇ廪µÄ½ÌÎñ¼ì²éÄ£°å²¹ÉϾÍÐÐÁË£¬½Ó×ÅÂúÁ³ÞÏÞÎÎÞÄΰ§Çó˵±¾Ñ§Æڷŵ½×îºÃÄÇÀ¸×÷Ϊ²¹³¥£¬µÈÓлú»áºÍ½ÌÎñ´¦³¤¹µÍ¨Ò»Ï£¬×î´óÏ޶ȵØÍì»ØÉùÓþËðʧ¡£µ«ÊǸýÌʦµÄÖ°ÒµµÀµÂºÍÁ¼ÐIJ¢Î´Ãð¾ø£¬¸øÓèÒåÕýÑϴǵػؾø£¬²»ÁÏÕâλ²©Ê¿¸±Ôº³¤Á¢Âí»Ö¸´ÁËÒ°ÂùרºáµÄÕþÖÎÁ÷Ã¥ÃæÄ¿£¬ÑïÑÔËÈÃÄã²»ÊÇѧУµÄУ³¤ÁË£¬Äã°®ÔõôמÍÔõô×Å£¬½ÌѧÃØÊéÒ»¿´ËûÁìµ¼µÄ̬¶ÈÒ²¿ª¿ÚÎêÈè¸Ã½Ìʦ¡£ÕâλÀÏʦÕÒµ½Ïà¹Ø²¿ÃÅÁìµ¼ÆÀ˵£¬½á¹û»»À´µÄ²»ÊÇÀä³°ÈÈ·í£¬¾ÍÊÇÌßƤÇòËƵÄÍÆÈýÍÆËÄ£¬×îºóÊÇ×ð¹óµÄУ³¤µÄ°²Î¿£ºÉç»áÉÏÔì¼Ù³É·ç£¬¼Ò³ó²»¿ÉÍâÑҪÏàÐÅÊÀ·ç»áÊÇÂþÂþºÃÆðÀ´µÄ¡£ÊǵÄÉÏÉÏÏÂ϶¼ÔÚ²¹²ÄÁÏÓÆÀ¹À£¬´óÔºÁìµ¼²ã¸ü²»Ï£Íû³öÈκÎç¢Â©¡£Êºó¾¹ýµ÷²éµÃÖªÔÀ´ÄÇλ¶þ¼¶Ñ§ÔºµÄ¸±Ôº³¤ÊDZ°¹ªÇüÏ¥Âò¹ÙµÃÀ´µÄµØ룬ÊÇ´óÔº³¤µÄÇ×ÐÅ¡£ÔÚÓÆÀ¹À¶¯Ô±´ó»áÉÏ£¬Áìµ¼¾ÍÔø¾ÓÃÍþвµÄ¿ÚÆøÉù³Æ£ºÏ¸öÐÇÆÚר¼Ò½øסԺУ£ºÎÞÂÛÄĸö½ÌʦÃDZ»×¨¼Ò×é³é²éµ½£¬¶¼ÓÐÒåÎñ°Ñ±³ËÐÁË2¸öÔµÄÔºÕþ¼¨²ÄÁÏ¿ÚÊö¸øר¼Ò×éµÄµ÷²éÈËÔ±£¬ËÈç¹û˵Á˶ÔѧУÆÀ¹À²»ÀûµÄÊ»ò»°£¬ÇáÔò½µÖ°£¬ÖØÔò×Ô¶¯´ÇÖ°¡£
¡¡¡¡1.1 Ö°³Æ½úÉýÖƶÈÖÐÐÎʽ»¯°µÕÖϵijÁÃÆ
¡¡¡¡ÖйúµÄÖ°³Æ½úÉýÖƶÈËäÈ»ÔÚÍâ½çÊг¡»·¾³³å»÷ÏÂÓÐËù¸Ã¸Ä½ø£¬µ«ÐÎʽÖ÷ÒåÑØÏ®ÏÂÀ´µÄ´«Í³Ï°¹ßÊÆÁ¦×÷ËîµÄ³É·ÖÈÔÈ»ÆðÖ÷Á÷×÷Óá£Êг¡»¯½ø¶ÈµÄ¼Ó¿ìʹÖйúµÄ½ÌÓý¾·Ñ¶ÌȱÇÒÀ´Ô´¼«ÆäÓÐÏÞ£ºÒ»ÊÇ¿¿²ÆÕþ²¦¿î£¨°üÀ¨Ö±½Ó²¦¿îºÍ¿ÆÑо·Ñ£©£¬Õ¼½ÌÓýÖ§³öºÜСµÄ±ÈÀý£»¶þÊÇ¿¿ÕÐÉú´´ÊÕ£¨°üÀ¨È«ÈÕÖÆѧÉúºÍÔÚÖ°½ÌÓý£©£¬ÔòÕ¼¾ÝÁ˽ÌÓýÖ§³öµÄ¾ø´ó²¿·Ö±ÈÀý¡£ÓÉÓÚÀ©ÕÐѧÉú³ÉÁËÐí¶àѧУµÄÁ¢Ð£Ö®±¾£¬ËùÒÔ½ÌʦµÄ½ÌѧÈÎÎñºÍ±ÏÒµÂÛÎÄÖ¸µ¼¹¤×÷¾ÍÊ®·Ö·±ÖØ¡£Èç¹û½ÌʦÿÄêÖ¸µ¼20¸ö±¾¿ÆÉú¡¢Ã¿Äê½²ÊÚ600¸öѧʱµÄ¿Î³Ì£¬ÄÇËûÄÄ»¹ÓÐʲôʱ¼äÀ´´ÓÊ¿ÆÑй¤×÷ÄØ£¿Èç¹û½öÊÇÖ¸µ¼Ñ§ÉúºÍ½²¿Î£¬ÏÖÓнÌʦµÄ¹¤×÷Òµ¼¨»òÐí±È´Ó¹úÍâƸÇëµÄ½Ìʦ¸üÍ»³ö¡£ÈË¿ÉÍÚ¾òÀûÓõŤ×÷ʱ¼äºÍ¾«Á¦ÊǸö³£Á¿£¬½ÌѧռÓõÄʱ¼ä¶àÁË£¬¿ÆÑоÍÊÜÓ°Ï죬Ïà·´ÒàÏà·´¡£ÔÚÐí¶àѧУ£¬½Ìʦָµ¼±¾¿ÆÉúÂÛÎĶ¼ÒªÐ´Èռǣ¨Éú²úʵϰҲÊÇÕâÑù£©£¬Ö¸µ¼ÖÊÁ¿ºÃ»µ²»ÂÛ£¬²»Ð´ÈռǾͲ»ºÏºõÒªÇó¡£Ñ§Éú´ð±ç¾¡¹ÜÒ²ÊÇÐÎʽÖ÷Ò壬µ«²Î¼û´ð±çµÄÀÏʦ¶¼Óкܷ±ÖصŤ×÷Á¿£¬Ð´ÆÀÓï¡¢µ¼Ê¦Òâ¼û¡¢´ð±ç¹ý³Ì¼Ç¼£¬×îºó»¹ÊÇÓÉѧÊõίԱ»áÀ´¾ö¶¨ÂÛÎÄÊÇ·ñ·ûºÏÒªÇó¡£½Ìʦ½²¿ÎµÄÄÚÈݺÍÖÊÁ¿²¢Ã»ÓÐ×÷ÑϸñÒªÇ󣬵«ÉϿγٵ½»òÔçÍËÊÇÑÏÖصĽÌѧʹʣ¬Òò´ËѧУ¾ö²ßÕßÔÚÖ°³Æ½úÉýÖÐÉè¼ÆµÄ¹æÔò²»¿ÉÄÜÍêÈ«ÊÇÕæÕýÃñÖ÷¶øÓÖ¿ÆѧµÄ³ÌÐò£¬ÕâÑùÖ°³ÆÆÀÉó½úÉýÂÙÂäΪ×ßÐÎʽ£¬ËÍÈËÇ飬ÆäÖвÎÔÓ׏©×âÑ°×â¼Ì¶ø¸¯°Ü¾Í²»×ãΪÆæ¡£±ÈÈ磬ij¸ßУ2002ÄêΪÁËÉÏѧλµã£¬ÔÚ½ÌÊÚ²©Ê¿ÊýÁ¿Ìõ¼þ²»¾ß±¸µÄÇé¿öÏ£¬ÔºÁ쵼ͻ·¢ÆæÏ룬¾ö¶¨°ÑºóÈýÄêµÄÖ¸±êÄõ½µ±ÄêÓã¬Äóö50¸öÕý½ÌÊÚÖ¸±ê£¬¸ù¾Ý½á¹¹±ÈÀý¸±½ÌÊÚµÈÒ²³É¹æģЧӦ£¬µ±ÄêÓеÄÀÏʦÔÚ·±ÖصĽÌѧ¿ÆÑÐÊÂÎïÖлòÕßÎÞϾ¹Ë¼°ÕâЩÕþ²ßÐÅÏ¢£¬»òÕß³öÍâ½øÐÞѧϰ£¬ÔÚÕâÖÖ֪ʶÐÅÏ¢ÑÏÖز»¶Ô³ÆÏ£¬¾Ý˵ÈËÊ´¦¡¢×ÜÎñ´¦µÈÐÐÕþºóÇÚÈËÔ±ÒòÆäÒµ¼¨¿¼ºËÎÞÒÀ¾ÝÒ²ÀÌÁ˸ö½ÌÊÚ£¬ÏûÏ¢ÁéͨµÄÍⲿ±»¿ª³ýûÔÚ´óѧÀïû½Ì¹ýÊéµÄijˮÑо¿Éú£¬¿ª³µËÍÀñµ÷Èë¸ÃÔºÒ²±»·âÁ˸ö½ÌÊÚ£¬±»ÃÀ´«Îª½ÌÊÚ´óÅú·¢¡¢´óËÍÀñ¡£¸Ãµ¥Î»ºóÃæµÄÖ°³ÆÆÀƸÊÇÒ»ÖÖʲô»úÖÆģʽ¿ÉÏë¶øÖª¡£¹ûÈ»ÔÚ2005µ½2009Äê½â¶³µÄÖ°³ÆÆÀƸÖУ¬µ±Äê±»ÒÅÁôϵĽÌѧ¿ÆÑв»´íµÄ½ÌʦÔÙҲûÁË»ú»á½úÉý£¬Ã¿Äê3-5¸ö½ÌÊÚÖ¸±ê£¬ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀí²¿ÃÅÖƶ¨µÄÖ°³ÆÆÀƸÌõÎĹæÔò¼È³¬Ç°ÓÖÏêϸ£¬³¬Ç°µ½´ó¶àÊý½ÌʦÍû³¾Äª¼°²»¸ÒÉ걨£¬ÏêϸµØʹÈËÏó¿´Ò»±¾Ð¡²á×ÓÎÄÊé¡£ÆÀƸ³ÌÐòòËƺÏÀí£¬Ñ§¿Æ×éÆÀί¡¢ÔºÑ§ÊõίԱ»á´óÆÀί¡¢¹«Ê¾µÈ£¬µ«ÆäÖеĵÀµÀ»òÐí²ÎÓëÉ걨½Ìѧ¿ÆÑгöÖÚÓÖÂäÆÀµÄÀÏʦÄÜÁìÎæµ½¸öÖпàɬ¡£¹«Ê¾ÒìÒéÆÚ7Ì죬¸ö±ð²»·þÆøµÄ¿ÆÑÐÇ¿ÕßÌá³ö½¨Ò飺ѧУӦ¸Ã³ÉÁ¢½Ã´í»úÖÆ£¬¿ÉÊÇÔÚÄ¿Ç°µÄÌåÖÆÏ£¬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÏëÏ󵽺ó¹û¡£¾¹ýʺóÏû»¯¡¢ÐÅÏ¢Åû¶£¬ÔÀ´ÊǸÃУΪÁËÉϲã´Î£¬³ýÁ˸ö±ð¿ÆÑнÌѧ»¹ËµµÄ¹ýÈ¥Í⣬°ÑÓÐÏ޵ĽÌÊÚÖ¸±ê»òÕ߸øÁËÐÂÀ´µÄ²©Ê¿»òÕßËÍÁËÀñ¡£
1.2 ²¿·Ö“Ë®½ÌÊÚ²©Ê¿”¢¶ÏϵÄÖйú¸ßУѧÀú½ÌÓýÃû»ªÊµÐé
¡¡¡¡½ÌÊÚ±áÖµ£¬²©Ê¿Ë®»õ£¬Ñ§Êõ¸¯°Ü£¬ÖйúµÄ¸ßµÈѧÀú½ÌÓý£¬ÓÈÆäÊÇÑо¿Éú½ÌÓýºÎÈ¥ºÎ´Ó£¿“´óѧ½ÌÊÚÌ«¶àÌ«ÀÄ”£¬ÕâÊÇÈ«¹úÕþÐίԱ¡¢»ª¶«Àí¹¤´óѧ½ÌÊÚÕżø×æ×ö³öµÄ½áÂÛ¡££¨³Âæ³Ê棺»ù´¡Ñо¿ÆÀ¼ÛÌåϵӦÓë¹ú¼Ê½Ó¹ì ´óѧ½ÌÊÚÆÀÉóÖƶÈÓ¦Óë¹ú¼Ê½Ó¹ì£©¡£ÔÚÖйú£¬ÄãÖ»ÒªÉÔ΢Óеã¶ùÃûÆø£¬Ö»ÒªÄã×Ô¼ºÓе¨¶ù£¬²»ÂÛÄãµÄѧÎʸߵͣ¬Ä㶼¿ÉÒÔµ±ÉϽÌÊÚ¡£ÔÚÖйúµÄ´óѧÀ½ÌÊÚÈËÊýÖ®¶àÒѾµ½ÁË·ºÀijÉÔֵij̶ȡ£¾Ý˵һ¸ö´óѧУ³¤µÄ˾»ú¾¹±»ÆÀΪ¸±½ÌÊÚ£¬¶øÒ»¸ö´óѧµÄÉÅʳ¿Æ³¤¶¼²»Ï¡º±µ±½ÌÊÚ£¬¶øÒªµ±²©µ¼¡££¨ØýÃû£ºÖйú“½ÌÊÚÂú½Ö×ß”£©¡£Õã´óÔÚËÄУºÏ²¢Ö®Ç°£¬¶Ô½ÌÊÚµÄÆÀ¶¨ÊǺÜÑϸñµÄ£¬“½ÌÊÚ”Ò²ÊDz»´íµÄ£¬µ«ÊÇÔÚËÄУºÏ²¢Ö®¼ä£¬·¢ÉúÁË“ÀÄÆÀ”£¨ÌرðÊÇÆäËü¼¸¸öУÇøµÄ£¬¸Ðµ½ºÏ²¢Ö®ºóÒªÆÀÉϽÌÊÚ»áÒ£Ò£ÎÞÆÚ£¬ÓÚÊÇ·Å¿ª¿Ú×Ó£©£¬ÖÂʹÕã´ó½ÌÊÚÒ»ÏÂ×ÓÓãÄ¿»ìÖ飬´ó¼Ò¶¼ÊǽÌÊÚ£¬×îºóѧУ²»µÃ²»ÖØÐÂÏ´ÅÆ£¬³ÉÁ¢“¹¤·Ö”ÖÆ¡£ÏÖÔÚÖйú¸÷¸ßУ½ÌÊÚÒÑÑÏÖس¬±ê£¬ÕæÕýÓÐˮƽµÄ½ÌʦÔÚÓÐÏÞÖ¸±êºÍ·Ç¹«Æ½¾ºÕùѹÁ¦Ï£¬¼´Ê¹¿ÆÑÐˮƽ¡¢Ìõ¼þ±ÈÔÚλ½ÌÊÚµÄѧÊõˮƽ¸ß³öÊý±¶£¬Ò²ºÜÄѵ±ÉϽÌÊÚ£¡¾ÍÄ¿Ç°¶øÑÔ£¬Öйú´óѧ½ÌÊÚÕûÌåѧÊõˮƽ֮µÍÁÓ£¬²»ÂÛÊÇÓëÊÀ½ç¸÷¹úºáÏò±È½Ï£¬»¹ÊÇÓëÖйú°ÙÓàÄêѧÊõÊ·µÄ×ÝÏò±È½Ï£¬¶¼´ïµ½Á˺§ÈËÌýÎŵĵز½¡£ (ÔðÈα༣ºÄÏÔÁÂÛÎÄÖÐÐÄ)תÌùÓÚÄÏÔÁÂÛÎÄÖÐÐÄ: http://www.nylw.net(´úд´ú·¢ÂÛÎÄ_±ÏÒµÂÛÎÄ´øд_¹ãÖÝÖ°³ÆÂÛÎÄ´ú·¢_¹ãÖÝÂÛÎÄÍø£©