Semantic Category ofthe Verb and Syntactic Pattern
¡¡¡¡Xue En kui
¡¡¡¡£¨Center for Russian Language Literature and Cultural Studies of Heilongjiang University,
¡¡¡¡Harbin 150080, China£©
¡¡¡¡The Verb is the center of sentence structure. The Structure of the verb and its semantic category, taken together, form the basis of syntactic patterns. Syntactic pattern incorporates thesemantic elements and attributive characteristics ofa given verb in order to generate a qualified statement. The communication factors in the semantic structure of the verb play a constraining role upon the syntactic pattern. Verbal communication factors demonstrate the speaker’s subjectivity, and do not belong to the study content of language ontology.
¡¡¡¡Key words£ºverb; syntactic pattern; semantic category
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡1 ÒýÑÔ
¡¡¡¡Ã¿Ò»Àද´Ê¶¼ÓÐÒ»¶¨µÄÓïÒåÌØÕ÷£¬ÕâЩÓïÒåÌØÕ÷¶Ô¹¹½¨¾ä·¨Ä£Ê½¾ßÓÐÖØÒªµÄ×÷Óᣴ«Í³µÄ¾ä·¨Ä£Ê½¸ü¶àµÄÊÇ¿¼ÂÇÐÎʽ½á¹¹£¬²»ÖØÊÓ¶¯´ÊµÄÓïÒå½á¹¹£¬²»¿¼ÂǶ¯´ÊÖ§Åä³É·ÖµÄÓïÒåÊôÐÔ¡£ÏÖ´úÓïÑÔѧÔÚ½¨¹¹¾ä·¨Ä£Ê½Ê±£¬Ô½À´Ô½ÖØÊÓ¶ÔÓïÒåµÄÑо¿£¬¶¯´ÊµÄÓïÒå½á¹¹Êǽ¨¹¹¾ä·¨Ä£Ê½µÄ»ù´¡£¬µ«¾ä·¨ÔÚÒ»¶¨µÄ»·¾³Ï¶ÔÓïÒåÒ²ÓÐÒ»¶¨µÄÖÆÔ¼×÷Óᣲ»Í¬ÓïÒå·¶³ëµÄ¶¯´ÊÆä¾ä·¨ºÍÓïÒåÖ®¼ä´æÔÚ²»Í¬µÄ¶ÔÓ¦¹ØϵºÍÖÆÔ¼Ìõ¼þ¡£ÓïÒåÊÇÄÚÈÝ£¬¾ä·¨ÊÇÐÎʽ£¬ÓÐЩÓïÒåÄÚÈÝÊǶ¯´ÊÓïÒå½á¹¹µÄÔ¤É貿·Ö£¬²»ÊDZØÐëµÄ¾ä·¨ÌåÏֳɷ֣»ÓÐЩÓïÒåÄÚÈÝÊǶ¯´ÊÓïÒå½á¹¹µÄ³Â˵²¿·Ö£¬Ôھ䷨½á¹¹ÖбØÐëÓÐÌåÏÖÐÎʽ¡£Èç¹ûÏàÓ¦µÄÓïÒåÄÚÈÝÔھ䷨ÉÏûÓÐÏàÓ¦µÄÌåÏÖÐÎʽ£¬¶¯´ÊÖ§Åä¹ØϵµÃ²»µ½Âú×㣬Óï¾ä¾Í»áÒòȱʧijÖֳɷֶø²»ºÏ¸ñ¡£
¡¡¡¡±¾ÎÄÒÔ¾ä×ӵĽṹÖÐÐĶ¯´ÊΪÀý£¬Ì½Ì־䷨ģʽ´Ó¶àάÓïÒåÍøÂçÏò¾ä·¨¹æÔòµÄÑݱä¹ý³Ì¡£±ÊÕßÈÏΪ£¬¶¯´ÊµÄÓïÒå·¶³ë¡¢ÓïÒå½á¹¹ÊÇÌáÈ¡¾ä·¨½á¹¹µÄ»ù´¡¡£
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡2 ÒÀ¾ÝÖ÷Òª³É·ÖµÄ¾ä·¨Ä£Ê½
¡¡¡¡ËùνÖ÷Òª³É·ÖÊÇÖ¸´«Í³Óï·¨ÖеÄÖ÷ÓνÓïºÍÖ±½Ó²¹ÓÆäËû½ÔΪ´ÎÒª³É·Ö¡£ÕâЩ³É·Ö¾ßÓд¿ÐÎ̬-¾ä·¨ÌØÕ÷£¬ÓëÆäËù±í´ïµÄÄÚÈÝÔÚ¾ä×ÓÖеÄ×÷ÓÃûÓÐÖ±½ÓµÄ¶ÔÓ¦ÁªÏµ¡£È»¶ø£¬ÕâÖ־䷨ģʽ¶Ô¾ä·¨ÀíÂÛÑо¿ºÍÍâÓï½Ìѧ¶¼ÔøÆðÁËÖØÒªµÄÍƶ¯×÷Óá£20ÊÀ¼Í60Äê´úÓïÒåѧµÄÐËÆð´òÆÆÁËÕâÖÖÐÎʽÓëÄÚÈݵÄÍѽÚÏÖÏ󣬴ʻãµÄÓïÒåÄÚÈݽøÈëÁËѧÕßÃǵÄÑо¿ÊÓÒ°¡£Ö÷Òª³É·ÖÀíÂÛÊÓ´ÎÒª³É·ÖΪ¾ä×ӵķDZØÒªÔªËØ¡£ÀýÈ磺§¬§à §Þ§ß§Ö §á§â§Ú§Ö§ç§Ñ§Ý§Ú §Õ§â§å§Ù§î§ñ. §°§ß§Ñ §Ø§Ú§Ó§×§ä §Ó §®§à§ã§Ü§Ó§Ö. ÕâÀàÓï¾äÌÞ³ý´ÎÒª³É·Ö¶¼¿É³éÏóΪNªª©1ªªVªª©fªªÄ£Ê½£¬´ø¼°Îﶯ´ÊµÄ¾ä×Ó¶¼¿É³éÏóΪNªª©1ªªVªª©fªªNªª©4ªªµÄģʽ¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬ÎÒÃÇÈç¹ûÓÃÕâÑùµÄ½á¹¹Ä£Ê½¹¹³ÉÏàÓ¦µÄÓï¾ä¶ø²»¿¼ÂÇ´ÎÒª³É·Ö£¬¾Í»á³öÏÖÓеÄÓï¾äºÏ¸ñ£¬ÓеÄÓï¾ä²»ºÏ¸ñµÄÇé¿ö¡£È瓧¬§à §Þ§ß§Ö §á§â§Ú§Ö§ç§Ñ§Ý§Ú §Õ§â§å§Ù§î§ñ.”¿ÉÒÔ˵³É“§±§â§Ú§Ö§ç§Ñ§Ý§Ú §Õ§â§å§Ù§î§ñ”£¬¶ø“§°§ß§Ñ §Ø§Ú§Ó§×§ä §Ó §®§à§ã§Ü§Ó§Ö.”²»¿ÉÒÔ˵³É“§°§ß§Ñ §Ø§Ú§Ó§×§äª¬¢Ù.”²»¿ÉÒÔ˵µÄÔÒò¾ÍÔÚÓÚ¶¯´Ê§Ø§Ú§ä§îÓïÒå½á¹¹Öеē´¦Ëù³É·Ö”ûÓеõ½Âú×ã¡£¾¡¹Ü§á§â§Ú§Ö§ç§Ñ§ä§î, §Ø§Ú§ä§î¶¼ÒªÇó¾ä×ÓÖÐÓÐÏàÓ¦µÄ“´¦Ëù³É·Ö”£¬µ«ËüÃǵÄÓïÒå·¶³ë²»Í¬£¬§á§â§Ú§Ö§ç§Ñ§ä§îµÄ´¦Ëù³É·Ö¿ÉÒÔ²»ÌåÏÖ£¬¶ø§Ø§Ú§ä§îµÄ´¦Ëù³É·Ö±ØÐëÓо䷨ÌåÏÖ¡£Ò»°ãÇé¿öÏ£¬Èç¹ûÓï¾äÖÐûÓÐÏàÓ¦µÄ´ÊÓïÌåÏÖÕâÒ»“´¦Ëù³É·Ö”£¬Óï¾äÔھ䷨ÉϾ¡¹Ü¶¼Âú×ãÁËÖ÷¡¢Î½ÓïµÄ½á¹¹ÒªÇ󣬵«È´ÒòΪÓïÒåÉϲ»ÄÜ×Ô×ã¶ø²»ºÏ¸ñ¡£
¡¡¡¡´ÎÒª³É·ÖÖ»ÊÇÐÎʽ½á¹¹ÉϸÅÄÔÚÓï¾äµÄ½»¼Ê¹¦ÄÜ¡¢ÓïÒå½á¹¹ÉÏÍùÍùÕ¼Óв»¿É»òȱµÄµØλ¡£¾ä·¨Ä£Ê½µÄÌáÈ¡Ó¦ÒÔ¶¯´ÊνÓïµÄÓïÒå·¶³ëΪ»ù´¡£¬ÒÔ¶¯´ÊÓïÒå½á¹¹ÔªËØΪÌáÈ¡¶ÔÏó¡£ÀýÈ瓧±§â§Ú§Ö§ç§Ñ§Ý§Ú §Õ§â§å§Ù§î§ñ.”¿ÉÒÔ˵£¬¶ø“§°§ß§Ñ §Ø§Ú§Ó§×§ä.”²»¿ÉÒÔ˵¾ÍÔÚÓÚÁ½¸öÓï¾äÖж¯´ÊµÄÓïÒå·¶³ë²»Í¬£º¶¯´Ê§á§â§Ú§Ö§ç§Ñ§ä§îÊôλÒÆÔ˶¯¶¯´Ê£¬§Ø§Ú§ä§îÊô´¦ËùÀද´Ê¡£Î»ÒÆÀද´ÊÒ»°ã¶¼ÓÐÔ˶¯Ä¿µÄµØ×÷“´¦Ëù³É·Ö”£¬§á§â§Ú§Ö§ç§Ñ§ä§îµÄ“´¦Ëù³É·Ö”¹Ì»¯ÔÚ¶¯´ÊµÄ´ÊÒå½á¹¹ÖУ¬ÊǶ¯´Ê´ÊÒåµÄÔ¤É貿·Ö¡£ÔÚ±í²ã¾ä·¨½á¹¹ÖГ´¦Ëù³É·Ö”¿ÉÒÔÓоßÌå´Ê»ãÌåÏÖ£¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔ²»ÌåÏÖ¡£µ±±í²ã¾ä·¨½á¹¹ÖÐûÓоßÌå´Ê»ãÌåÏÖ“´¦Ëù³É·Ö”ʱ£¬Ëµ»°ÈËËùÔڵĵصãÌæ´úÁ˶¯´ÊµÄ“´¦Ëù³É·Ö”¡£ÎÒÃÇ¿´¡¶ÏÖ´úººÓï´Êµä¡·¶Ô¶¯´Ê“À´”µÄÊÍÒ壺´Ó±ðµÄµØ·½µ½Ëµ»°ÈËËùÔڵĵط½¡££¨¡¶ÏÖ´úººÓï´Êµä¡· 2007£º807£©ÕýÒòΪ¶¯´Ê´ÊÒå°üº¬“µ½Ëµ»°ÈËËùÔڵĵط½”£¬ËùÒÔÔÚ±í²ã¾ä·¨ÖпÉÒÔ²»ÐèÒªÓÃרÃŵĴÊÓïÌåÏÖÕâÒ»ÓïÒåÔªËØ¡£¶¯´Ê§Ø§Ú§ä§îÊô´¦ËùÀàÓïÒå·¶³ë£¬“´¦Ëù³É·Ö”ÊÇÓïÒå½á¹¹ÖеijÂ˵²¿·Ö£¬ÔÚ±í²ã¾ä·¨½á¹¹ÖÐÊDZØÓеľ䷨ÌâÔª£¬±ØÐëÓÐÏàÓ¦µÄ´ÊÓïÌåÏÖ¡£ÀàËƵĶ¯´Ê»¹ÓЧà§é§å§ä§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ, §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñµÈµÈ¡£“´¦Ëù³É·Ö”Ôھ䷨ÉϱØÐëÓоßÌå´ÊÓïÌåÏÖ£¬ÊÇÓï¾äµÄÊöÌⲿ·Ö¡£¾ä·¨ÉϵĴÎÒª³É·ÖÍùÍùÔÚÓïÒå½á¹¹ÉÏ¡¢½»¼Ê½á¹¹ÉÏÆðמö¶¨ÐÔµÄ×÷Óá£ËùÒÔ£¬ÒÀ¾Ý±í²ãÖ÷Òª³É·Ö½¨¹¹¾ä·¨Ä£Ê½ÊDz»¿É¿¿µÄ£¬ÍùÍùÒòijÖÖÓïÒåÔªËصò»µ½ÌåÏÖ¶øÔì³ÉÓï¾ä²»ºÏ¸ñ¡£
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡3 ÒÀ¾Ý½»¼ÊÒâͼµÄ¾ä·¨Ä£Ê½
¡¡¡¡¾ä·¨Ä£Ê½ÊÇÒÔÓïÑÔ±¾ÌåΪ»ù´¡¶øÌáÈ¡µÄÒ»ÖÖÐÎʽ½á¹¹£¬¾¡¹ÜÒ²¿¼Âǽ»¼ÊÒâͼÒòËØ£¬µ«Ö»¿¼ÂÇÄÇЩӰÏì¾ä·¨Ä£Ê½±ä»¯µÄ½»¼ÊÒòËØ¡£¶¯´ÊÓïÒå½á¹¹µÄ±ØÐè³É·ÖÓÐÁ½ÖÖÀàÐÍ£¬Ò»ÖÖÊǹ̻¯ÔÚ¶¯´Ê´ÊÒå½á¹¹ÖеÄÔ¤É貿·Ö£¬ÔÚ±í²ã¾ä·¨ÖпÉÒÔ²»ÐèÒª¾ßÌåÌåÏÖ£»ÁíÒ»ÖÖÊÇÐ黯ÔÚ¶¯´Ê´ÊÒå½á¹¹ÖеijÂ˵²¿·Ö£¬ÔÚ±í²ã¾ä·¨½á¹¹ÖбØÐëÓоßÌå´Ê»ãÌåÏÖ£¬·ñÔòÓï¾ä²»ºÏ¸ñ¡£ÕâÊÇ°Ñʵ¼ÊÇзÖÀíÂÛÓ¦ÓÃÓÚ¾ä×ÓÒÔϵ¥Î»ÓïÒå½á¹¹Çø·Ö³öÀ´µÄ½»¼ÊÒòËØ¡£ÕâÀཻ¼ÊÒòËØÓëÓï¾äµÄ½»¼ÊÒòËØÊÇÁ½ÖÖ²»Í¬²ãÃæµÄÓïÑÔÏÖÏó¡£ÒÀ¾Ý½»¼ÊÒâͼµÄ¾ä·¨Ä£Ê½£¬Êµ¼ÊÉÏÊDZí´ï¾ßÌåÑÔÓïÇé¾°µÄÒ»ÖÖ¾äÐÍ¡£ÀýÈ磺§®§à§â§à§ã§Ú§ä£»§³§Ó§Ö§ä§Ñ§Ö§ä£»§¤§â§Ñ§Ò§ñ§ä! §£§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§î!£¨§£.§¡.§¢§Ö§Ý§à§ê§Ñ§á§Ü§à§Ó§Ñ 1989: 638£©ÕâЩÓï¾ä¶¼¿ÉÒÔÌáȡΪVªª©s3/nªª£¨¶¯´ÊµÚ3È˳ÆÏÖÔÚʱ»ò¹ýÈ¥ÊÇÖÐÐÔ£©¡¢Vªª©pl3ªª£¨¶¯´Ê¸´ÊýµÚÈýÈ˳ƣ©ºÍInf£¨¶¯´Ê²»¶¨Ê½£©ÐÎʽ¡£ÕâЩ¾äÐÍÖ»ÔÚÌض¨µÄÑÔÓïÇé¾°ÖвųÉÁ¢£¬²¢ÇÒ²»ÊÇËùÓеĶ¯´Ê¶¼ÄܽøÈëÕâÑùµÄ¾ä·¨Ä£Ê½£¬Ö»Óв¿·Ö¾ßÓÐijÖÖÓïÒåÌØÕ÷µÄ¶¯´Ê²ÅÓÐÕâÑùµÄÓ÷¨¡£¶øÇÒ£¬ÓÐЩ¶¯´ÊÒ²Ö»ÓÐÕâÑùµÄÓ÷¨¡£Õë¶Ô¾ßÌåÑÔÓï½»¼ÊÇé¾°£¬ÔÚ²¿·Ö¶¯´Ê¾ßÌåÓ÷¨µÄ»ù´¡ÉϳéÏó³öÀ´µÄ¾äÐͶÔÍâÓï½Ìѧ¾ßÓлý¼«µÄ×÷Ó㬵«¶ÔÓïÑÔÑо¿±¾Éí²¢²»¾ßÓÐÆÕ±éÐÔ¡£ (ÔðÈα༣ºÄÏÔÁÂÛÎÄÖÐÐÄ)תÌùÓÚÄÏÔÁÂÛÎÄÖÐÐÄ: http://www.nylw.net(´úд´ú·¢ÂÛÎÄ_±ÏÒµÂÛÎÄ´øд_¹ãÖÝÖ°³ÆÂÛÎÄ´ú·¢_¹ãÖÝÂÛÎÄÍø£©