(5)Maurice Blanchot:The Writing of the Disaster [M].trans. Ann Smok,Lincoln and London:University of Nebraska Press,1995:16.布朗肖在这里分析了好几个以pas-为词根的单词,消极性(passivity),激情(passion)以及过去(past),认为pas-同时包含有否定和步伐的意思,是前进的踪迹或运动。Ann Smok在《灾难的书写》译者前言里这样解释:“重复出现的‘不’(not,pas)本身就是步伐”,也就是“通道”,它是跨越边界的步伐,超越没有回归的点。见Maurice Blanchot:The Writing of the Disaster [M]. trans. Ann Smok,Lincoln and London:University of Nebraska Press,1995:pxiii。
(6)关于“语言说”,Gerald L. Bruns认为,“语言说”并不意味着语言作为一种超主体(Supersubject)或一种上帝般的声音而言说,不是作为言说者而言说。他认为这是英文翻译“language speaks”容易导致的误解,因之,他建议把Die Sprache sprichit翻译成language language(见Gerald L. Bruns,Blanchot:The Refusal of Philosophy[M]. Baltimore,London:John Hopkins University Press,1997:104.)。当然,在中文里也有类似的误解:即,认为“语言说”意味着“语言”本身成为言说主体。
(7)有关“责任”,Gerald L. Bruns将其解释为“守护(guarding)和掩蔽(veiling)他者,护卫它不受哲学的侵害,不受概念性把握的知识的侵害”。(见Gerald L. Bruns,Blanchot:The Refusal of Philosophy[M]. Baltimore,London:John Hopkins University Press,1997:104)而在布朗肖那里,回应(response)和责任(responsibility)是同根词,责任是对他者的无限要求的回应;并且,(在回应中)我与我自身相分离,与作为主宰者与权力、与作为自由的、言说主体的“我”分离。见Maurice Blanchot:The Writing of the Disaster [M].trans. Ann Smok,Lincoln and London:University of Nebraska Press,1995:25-26。
(8)事实上,布朗肖对现象学的阐释受到了列维纳斯20世纪30年代所作的博士论文《胡塞尔现象学中的直觉理论》的影响。布朗肖自己也承认这一点:“因为列维纳斯,我才首次与胡塞尔相遇。”见Maurice Blanchot:The Blanchot Reader[M]. ed. Michael Holland,Oxford UK& Cambridge USA:Blacwell,1995:244。
参考文献:
[1]Emmanuel Levinas. Totality and Infinity[M].Trans. Alphonso Lingis,Hague,Boston,London:Martinus Nijhoff Publishers,1979.
[2]Maurice Blanchot. The Infinite Conversation[M]. Trans. Susan Hanson,Minneapolis and London:University of Minnesota Press,1993.
[3]Emmanuel Levinas. Ethics and Infinity:Conversation with Philippe Nemo[M]. Trans. Richard A. Cohen,Pittsburgh:Duquesne University Press,1985:106.
[4]Leslie Hill. Blanchot—Extreme contemporary [M]. London and New York:Routledge,1977:176.
[5]Gerald L. Bruns,Blanchot. The Refusal of Philosophy[M].Baltimore,London,John Hopkins University Press,1997.
[6]海德格尔.在通向语言的途中[M],孙周兴,译.北京:商务印书馆,1999.
[7]海德格尔.存在与时间[M].陈嘉映,译.北京:三联书店,2006:191.
[8]Emmanuel Levinas. Otherwise than Being or Beyond Essence[M]. Trans. Alphonso Lingis.The Hague,Martinus Nijhoff,1981.
[9]“Our Clandestine Companion”,Face to Face with Levinas [M].ed. Richard Cohen. Albany:SUNY Press,1986:45.又见Maurice Blanchot:Political Writings,1953-1993[M],trans. Zakir Paul,New York:Fordham University Press,2010:148.
[10]Maurice Blanchot:Political Writings,1953-1993[M]. Trans. Zakir Paul,New York:Fordham University Press,2010.
[11]列维纳斯.从存在到存在者[M].吴蕙仪,译.南京:江苏教育出版社,2006 .
[12]Emmanuel Levinas. “On Maurice Blanchot”,Proper Names[M]. Trans. Michael B. Smith,Stanford:Stanford University Press,1996:130.