The Clinical Significance of the Measurement Parameters of the Proximal Femur in the Femoral Neck Fracture Percutaneous Cannulated Screw Technique/WEI Ji-hua,WEI Qing-jun,XIAO Shi-hui,et al.// Medical Innovation of China,2012,9(23):001-003
【Abstract】 Objective:To observe and measure the parameter of proximal femur anatomy, for percutaneous screw Fixation for the fractures of femoral neck.Method:90 dried femur specimens were included in this study.The angle of inclination of the posterior the femoral neck was measured and recorded as the posterior slant angle(Angle α).30 femur specimens were made into section and the projection of these section was determined.By measuring the borders of the projection,the projective line of anterior and posterior borders of the femoral neck in the head of femur was determined. According to the results acquired from this study,the projective parameters(Angle β,Angle θ) were acquired. the data were expressed as Mean±Standard Deviation and analyzing the data by using the descriptive methods with SPSS13.0,explored the “safe area” infemoral neck fractures surgery.Result:The proximal femoral femoral is irregular bone,and each part has some morphological character. Angleα(64.00°±2.31°), Angleβ(29.93°±2.87°),Angleθ(50.62°±2.69°).Through analyzing the angle of inclination of the posterior the femoral neck and the projective line of the femoral neck anterior and posterior borders in the head of femur and using anatomical knowledge,“safe area” in femoral neck fractures surgery can be established.Conclusion:It’s useful for operation of percutaneous screw fixation for the fractures of femoral neck to observe and measure the proximal femur.
【Key words】 Proximal femur; Anatomy; Geometry; Measurement; Fractures of femoral neck; Cannulated screw
First-author’s address:The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University,Nanning 530021,China doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2012.23.001
临床上闭合复位经皮空心拉力螺钉内固定术是治疗新鲜股骨颈骨折的常用方法[1-3]。多枚空心钉内固定必须使空心钉安放于合适的位置才能取得良好的固定效果[1,4-5],而在复杂的股骨近端安放多枚螺钉有一定的技术难度[4]。传统上经皮内固定需要依靠C臂透视机来观察导针的准确植入,目前的透视或摄像技术,无论从正位、侧位或者斜位像均无法解决股骨大转子及股骨头的阻挡问题,故临床上应用拉力螺钉治疗新鲜股骨颈骨折不可避免地进行反复的透视,这就增加了医生和患者的放射线暴露的风险,而且螺钉植入的误植率较高。因此有必要对股骨近端的解剖特征进行研究,为股骨颈拉力螺钉技术中确定进钉点和方向,以减少钻孔次数和透视次数。
1 材料与方法
1.1 股骨颈几何参数的测量 选取90侧股骨干燥骨骼标本用于大体观察和几何参数的测量。测量指标是股骨颈后缘基底的倾斜角度(Angle α)。股骨颈后缘基底的倾斜角度是指顺股骨颈后缘基底斜向前上至股骨颈的顶点这一斜面的切线的倾斜角度。每一项数据由3位医生测量,最后取其平均值。
1.2 股骨颈最窄处前后缘在股骨头的投影参数的测量 将30具去除软组织后的防腐股骨标本干燥,要求股骨近端无病变及畸形,用于股骨颈最窄处前后缘在股骨头的投影参数的测量,每一项数据由3位医生测量,最后取其平均值。
1.2.1 制作股骨近端系列断面 在大转子外侧缘用股骨颈骨折空心拉力螺钉内固定器械中的导向器定位,用2根直径2 mm的导针沿导向器平行钻入股骨颈并钻出股骨头,导针与股骨颈的轴心线平行。经过股骨头顶点、头颈连接处、股骨颈最窄处、股骨颈基底部分别作垂直于股骨颈轴心线的平面A、B、C、D,标志出这些平面与上述各标志点的切割线a、b、c、d 。拔出导针,然后沿切割线a、b、c、d,用钢锯将股骨近端锯断,形成A、B、C、D共4个断面。
1.2.2 确定股骨颈前后缘最窄处在股骨头的投影 取一平整光滑的木板,上面铺一张白色厚纸板,将股骨近端的A、B、C、D断面按原顺序复原,用2根2 mm的导针从股骨头的原钻出孔内沿原钉道逆行穿入,连同厚纸板钉在平整光滑的木板上,去除上面的A、B、C断面,仅留下D断面,然后在白纸上描绘D断面的轮廓线。去除D断面,将C断面套入导针中,描绘C断面的轮廓线,同样方法依次描绘A、B断面的轮廓线,将所有轮廓线叠加起来,其中,最大的圆形轮廓线定为股骨头 “钟面”,如图1所示。并确定股骨头投影的圆心O和股骨头的顶点C(也即钟面的12点)。然后在确定通过股骨颈前后缘最窄处在此重叠图上的位置,标出前后缘端点的垂直线与该球形上半弧形的交点A、B,分别定AOC、BOC的角度为Angle β、Angle θ,并通过这些角度来推算出A、B点在该钟面上所代表的时间点。
图1 股骨颈在股骨头投影图(实心部分边界为内侧边界)
1.3 统计学处理 所得数据输入SPSS 13.0软件分析,用KolmogorovK-Smimov Test做正态性检验,并以(x±s)表示。
2 结果
2.1 股骨近端的大体观察 股骨近端大体形态特点:前面观股骨颈前缘呈一较为规则的弧形面,几乎与股骨近端前缘的皮质在一平面上,仅到后下三分之一才略转向后下方。后面观股骨颈后缘其斜面的下缘起自小转子上缘,然后逐渐斜向前止于股骨颈上缘,与水平面形成一定的倾斜角度。后面观股骨颈后缘呈弧形的斜坡,该弧形斜坡也起自小转子上缘斜向上前,止于股骨颈上缘。从后缘看股骨颈-股骨干相交线为斜形,该斜切线起自小转子上缘,斜向前上,止于大转子上缘的前方。在该斜面近股骨颈上缘处形成局部凹陷,即所谓的转子间窝。股骨颈最窄处位于股骨颈中部,呈椭圆形,上部较下部宽,在股骨距处形成较锐的嵴,椭圆形的长轴方向为自后下斜向前上,即椭圆形的长轴大约在小转子上缘与粗隆上、前缘的连线上。股骨头呈半球形,股骨颈的轴心线并不在该球形的球心上,而是后部略多于前部。(责任编辑:南粤论文中心)转贴于南粤论文中心: http://www.nylw.net(南粤论文中心__代写代发论文_毕业论文带写_广州职称论文代发_广州论文网)