低分子肝素联合低分子右旋糖酐注射液预防人工全髋关节置换术后深静脉血栓临床效果和安

来源:网络(WWW.NYLW.NET) 作者:李萌 刘长胜 发表于:2011-05-24 10:18  点击:
【关健词】  人工全髋关节置换;深静脉血栓;低分子肝素;低分子右旋糖酐
目的 探讨低分子肝素(low molecular weight heparin,LMWH)联合低分子右旋糖酐注射液(Low molecular weight dextran injection,LMWD)预防人工全髋关节置换(total hip arthroplasty,THA)术后深静脉血栓(deep vein thrombosis,DVT)的临床效果和安全性。方法 回顾性分析

 Effectiveness and safety of low molecular weight heparin and low molecular weight dextran injection for prevention of deep vein thrombosisafter total hip arthroplasty
  
  LI Meng, LIU Chang-sheng. Department of Orthopaedics, Xuzhou Medical Colleage Third Hospital,Jiangsu 221009,China
  
  
  【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the pathogenesis of deep vein thrombosis(DVT)after total hip arthroplasty(THA)and the preventive effectiveness of low molecular weight heparin(LMWH)with low molecular weight dextran injection(LMWD).Methods The occurrence condition of DVT and postoperative bleedingin 32 cases undergoing THA treated with LMWH and LMWD between apirl 2007 and apirl 2009 was restrospectively analyzed. Among them were applied 12 h anticoagulant group preoperative and postoperative LMWH 2500U 6 h after application for 5 000 LMWH dose the U/d 14 cases (high dose group), 2500 U/d the 18 cases (low dose group), 7~14 days, time were combined surgery LMWD 500 ml to 1000 ml on application.Another 35 cases undergoing THA without LMWH or LMWD treating between apirl 2003 and apirl 2005 were used ascontrol group.There was no significant difference in gender,age,illness cause,course of disease,or the type of prosthesis among 3 groups(P>0.05).Results DVT occurred in 9 cases(25.7%)of control group,in1 case(7.1%)of high dose group,and in 2 cases(11.1%)of low dose group,1 case died of PTE after DVT among control group,no case died in treated groups,showed significant differences between two treated groups and control group(P<0.05),but nosignificant difference between two treated groups(P>0.05). Thepostoperative blood loss and blood transfusion in high dose group,low dose group,and control group was(401.5±90.7)and(619.2±264.8),(363.5±96.6)and(486.7±269.7),(319.7±89.2)and(430±192.5)ml;showing no significant difference between the high and low dose groups,between low dose and control groups(P>0.05),while showing significant difference between high dose and control groups(P<0.05).In two treated groups no ulcer bleeding, heart failure, severe bleeding complications.Conclusion LMWH and LMWD can reduce the DVT incidence rate in THA and has good safety.
【Key words】
  Total hip arthroplasty; Deep vein thrombosis; Low molecular weight heparin; Low molecular weight dextran injectio; Postoperative Complications
  
  深静脉血栓(deep vein thrombosis,DVT)以及由此引起的肺栓塞,是人工全髋关节置换(total hiparthroplasty,THA)术后常见及严重并发症之一。目前,临床对其预防日益重视,THA术后常采用以低分子肝素(low molecular weightheparin,LMWH)为主预防DVT发生。使用低分子肝素可以有效减少DVT的发生,而且在使用过程中不需要监测凝血指标,因此它在临床得以广泛应用[1]。但是,有文献指出它有增加出血的危险,还有发生硬膜外血肿的报道[2]。我院采用低分子肝素(LMWH)联合低分子右旋糖酐注射液(Low molecular weight dextran injection,LMWD)预防人工全髋关节置换(THA)术后深静脉血栓(DVT)的临床效果和安全性显著。现通过回顾性分析和对照研究的方法探讨该预防方案的可行性。
  1 资料与方法
  1.1 研究对象
  回顾性分析2007年4月至2009年4月32例THA术后预防性应用LMWH和LMWD患者发生DVT和术后出血的情况,并与2003年4月至2005年4月35例THA术后未应用LMWH和LMWD患者(对照组)进行比较。符合标准:均由同一组医师完成手术,手术时间2~3 h,连续硬膜外或全麻下,患者取侧卧位,按照常规THA术式操作完成,术后常规指导患者下肢功能锻炼及下床,术后使用静脉镇痛泵3 d,术后均获1年随访。排除标准:①患有恶性肿瘤者。②术前已证实存在DVT者。③双髋同时置换者。④合并不能纠正的内分泌、心血管、呼吸等内科疾病者。⑤临床资料不完整者。
  1.2 一般资料
  高剂量组:男5例,女9例;年龄48~90岁,平均71岁。左髋6例,右髋8例。其中股骨头缺血性坏死2例;病程9个月至10年,平均5年;股骨颈骨折12例,病程3~11 d,平均5 d。采用骨水泥型假体3例,非骨水泥型假体11例。低剂量组:男6例,女12例;年龄44~85岁,平均68岁。左髋10例,右髋8例。其中股骨头缺血性坏死3例;病程7个月至9年,平均4年;股骨颈骨折15例,病程2~9 d,平均4 d。采用骨水泥型假体3例,非骨水泥型假体15例。对照组:男13例,女12例;年龄38~85岁,平均68.5岁。左髋11例,右髋14例。其中股骨头缺血性坏死6例;病程平均4年;股骨颈骨折29例,病程平均7 d。采用骨水泥型假体17例,非骨水泥型假体16例。各组患者性别、年龄、病因、病程、假体类型等比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。
  1.3 DVT诊断标准
  参照中华医学会骨科学分会2009年发布的《预防骨科大手术深静脉血栓形成指南(草案)》,根据临床症状结合D-二聚体、纤维蛋白降解产物检查结果进行初步排除[3]。不能排除者行双下肢深静脉彩色超声多普勒血流探测仪检查,以发现血栓作为确诊依据。仍可疑病例进一步行下肢静脉造影诊断。
  1.4 术后处理方法
  其中抗凝组术前12 h均应用LMWH 2500U腹壁皮下注射, 均联合手术当日应用LMWD 500 ml至1000 ml,术后6 h后应用LMWH腹壁皮下注射,剂量为5000 U/d者14例(高剂量组)、2 500 U/d者18例(低剂量组),均至患者下床活动后停用,时间7~14 d;对照组术后未应用LMWH和LMWD及抗凝药物。
  1.5 观察指标
  记录输血量和术后的伤口引流量,观察术后4周内的出血征象,如黑便、咯血、血尿等;并注意神经体征的观察和记录。当发生下肢感觉障碍和肌力减退逐渐加重的时候应当考虑硬膜外血肿的可能。 (责任编辑:南粤论文中心)转贴于南粤论文中心: http://www.nylw.net(南粤论文中心__代写代发论文_毕业论文带写_广州职称论文代发_广州论文网)

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