目前为止的研究无一例外地关注州政府的管理规 定影响。美国各州政府通常对所辖区域内学前教育机 构的教师学历、培训、工作经验、师生比、集体规模等做 出规定。然而各州所制定条款的严格程度不同,如在管 理较为严格的加利福尼亚州.一个幼儿园教师要求有 在学院或大学12学期的儿童早期教育学习单元,或者 有儿童发展机构的学历,或者有儿童中心的许可。而在 管理相当不严格的阿拉巴马州。仅要求教师具有高中 学历,或相应的同等学历,每年有4小时以上的与工作 有关的培训。此外,各州在执行规定时也有严格与松散 之分。管理严格程度的不同直接导致职员流动率、课程 活动的适宜性和师生交往的敏感性的不同[261。
三、思考与启示
尽管研究发现有很多因素都与美国的学前教育质 量相关,或对学前教育质量具有预测作用.但对这些研 究结论仔细分析后不难发现,教师工资、培训、教室的 师生比等因素都是通过对教师的专业技能、敬业精神 的影响而实现的。因此教师素质才是学前教育质量最 关键的影响因素。
本研究对我国学前教育事业的启示是:要提高学 前教育质量,选拔和培养优秀素质的教师才是关键。首 先我们要把热爱儿童、擅于与人交流作为幼教师资的 心理特质要求;其次要加强对教师的培养和培训。职前 教育应注意理论与实际的结合.职后培训可以通过学 术会议、各种长短期培训班等方式使在职教师就学前
Do照要嚣埘
万方数据
教育中的各种问题进行反思与学习,更新和充实知识
结构。再次要加强幼儿教师的师德教育。教师的师德水 平是决定教育质量的重要因素,因为师生交往过程中 教师态度和对幼儿需要的敏感性会对幼儿的发展有着 极大的影响。图
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