对话: T:Yes, we know people sometimes have to try to flatter others. So, do you like those who try to flatter you and why? Ss: (no response) T: Any one? Who would like to answer this question? Li Xia
对话:
T:Yes, we know people sometimes have to try to flatter others. So, do you like those who try to flatter you and why?
Ss: (no response)
T: Any one? Who would like to answer this question? Li Xiaomen, can you?
S1: Sorry, ... I don't know "fla....".
T: "flatter"
S: Oh, "flatter". "flatter"是什么意思?
T: You know flatter means say something nice in order to please someone or in order to win one's flavor. Understand?
S1:"奉承"
T: Yes,奉承,说好话,说漂亮话。Ok, do you like those who try to flatter you?
S1: No, I don't like.
T: You don't like those who try to flatter you, right? Ok, why?
S1: Why?......
T: Yes, 原因.
S1: ........, sorry!
T: Ok, good!, sit down!...... Any one? Who can answer this question?
从上面的对话可以看出,在回答教师提出的参考性问题时,三本学生有许多障碍。首先对问题的理解便是一个。其实"flatter" 这个词在读写课中已经学过,教师以为学生已掌握的内容,学生有时并未掌握,所以在课堂中有时教师的问题虽是开放的、参考性的也未必能增加学生的语言输出。
三、结语
本文对笔者所在学校三本口语课堂中的教师话语使用情况进行了调查。由于是小范围的调查,难以反映所有三本学校口语课堂的情况。但通过本调查,可为三本学生的口语教学提供一些建议。首先,对于水平较低的三本学生来说课堂上自主学习需要的两个条件还不具备,在三本口语课堂中,不应盲目压缩教师的的话语量,否则只会造成“形式上的学生参与”,学生接受的可能不是“可理解的二语输入”而是具有僵化的中介语特征“垃圾输入”或同伴之间的“母语输入”;第二,教师在授课中应少借助语际翻译来实现交流,减少母语对学习者的干扰;第三,从提问方式上,教师不应单纯追求展示性问题多一点还是参考性问题多一点,教师应根据教学效果来灵活应用。
参考文献:
[1]赵秀红,聂建中.十余年来我国英语口语研究综述[J].山西师范大学学报(社会科学版),2009,07.
[2]Nunan,D. 1991. Language Teaching Methodology:A Textbook for Teachers[M]. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall Inc. p. 189.
[3]周军平.教师话语与第二语言习得[J].外语教学,2006,05.
[4]Eillis, R.1990. Instructed Second Language Acquisition[M].Oxford: Blackwell, p95.
[5]Krashen, S.1985. The Input Hypothesis: Issues and Implication[M]. London: Longman.
[6]Allwright, R. 1984. The importance of interaction in classroom language learning[J]. Applied Linguistics 5.
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