2.3 Collectivism
　　According to Hofstade,G (1998), Chinese society tends towards collectivism, and is tied by group rather than by individual considerations. Chinese collectivism is reflected the two main concepts, namely “harmony”and “relationship”. Change can be viewed as disruptive, particularly if the change is sudden and substantial because of the harmony within the Chinese minds. Hence, in the process of management, Chinese managers should focus on maintaining a harmonious work environment. By contrast, the western management approach emphasizes that managers should focus on goal achievement and conflicts with the purpose of more profits. This difference is probably a likely reason creating the barrier of western management approach in China.
　　2.4 Long-term & short-term orientation
　　In their professional survey, Hofstede(1998) indicate that one of the Chinese cultures is long-term orientation which is characterized as persistence, thrift, ordering relationship by status and observing this order, and having a sense of shame. But Hofstede et al’s survey just focus on the Chinese- speaking countries, such as Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore which are different with China (upcountry). Therefore, some Chinese professionals (e.g Ding,et al 1997) argued that the short-term orientation which is characterized like protecting face, respect for tradition and reciprocation of greeting, favors and gifts ) are also obviously reflected on Chinese Culture. However,as mentioned before,both long-term and short-term orientation is the important factor which affects the implementation of western management approach.
　　2.5 The strong facial expressions
　　As Hofstede stated, the harmony emphasized in collectivist Chinese society creates the need of the maintenance of an individual face. Chen (1995) defines it as self-respect and presage. Self-respect is a very important thing to Chinese and sometimes it can lead to opposition and enmity which is probably a barrier to the harmony (Ting et al, 2001). Hence, the Chinese typically do not usually want to say "no" to each other even when he/she does not want to do something or disagree with somebody.In Chinese society,to "gain face" or "give face" are equally important to each Chinese. "the face" of Chinese culture is also a factor which could have an effect on the implementation of western management approach.
3.Conclusion
　　In a word, different professionals have stated that each Chinese culture identified before is probably important factors which have effects on the implementation of western management approaches. After establishing a Chinese cultural model involved all above five cultural dimensions, the author will test the null hypothesis “this model has no effect on the implementation of Western management approach in China”in the next study.
　　
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　　作者简介：
　　姚旎（1981.9— ），女，汉族，四川成都，四川师范大学商学院讲师，毕业学校：Sheffield Hallam University, 学历：硕士研究生，研究方向：人力资源管理、创业教育。
 

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