400℃磷酸活化的花生壳活性炭亚甲基蓝吸附量 都可以达到15.0 mL,比表面积平均为772.792 m2/g.而氯化锌活化最好结果是13.O mL.
2.2实验条件对活性炭产率的影响 图1表明随着活化温度的增加,活性炭产率
单调下降,原因是温度越高,花生壳裂解程度越 高,失重越甚.同样,即使在相同的温度下,活性炭
产率随着活化时间的增加而单调下降(图2).因
此,无论从性能讲,还是从产率讲,都需要确定最
佳的活化温度和时间. 表2实验方案及结果
图1 活化温度对磷酸活性炭产率的影响
寥
瓣 越
时间/Il
图2 活化时间对磷酸活性炭产率的影响
3 结论
通过正交实验及结果分析表明,磷酸活化法
和氯化锌活化法可以制备性能优良的花生壳活性
炭,而尤以磷酸作为活化剂为佳.硫酸活化和氢氧 化钾活化得到的花生壳活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附 性能较差.在最佳工艺条件——50%的磷酸溶液、 液固比为2:1、活化温度为350—400℃,活化时间 为4 h条件下,获得的花生壳活性炭的亚甲基蓝 吸附值达到15.0 mL;活性炭的产率为45%一
48%,比表面积772.792 m‘/g.
参考文献:
[1] 刘晓军.花生加工副产品的再利用[J].加 工技术,2006(11):36_38.
[2] 2005年世界花生主要生产国和贸易国的生 产及贸易状况[J].花生学报,2006,35 (1):13.
[3] 廖朝东.花生壳的化工利用[J].化工技术
与开发,2004,33(2):24_25.
[4] Laine J,calafat A,Labady M.Preparation
and characte“zation of activated carbon f如m
coconut shell impregnated with phosphoric
acid[J].carbon,1989,27(2):191—195.
[5] Jagtoyen M,Derbyshire F.Activated carbon8 from yeUow polar and white oak by H 3 P04 ac- tivation[J].Carbon,1998,36(7/8):1085 一1097.
[6] Ahmadpour A,Do D D.The preparation of actiVated carbon from macadamia nutshell by chemical activation[J].Carbon,1997,35 (12):1723一1732. 一
[7] 王秀芳,张会平,陈焕钦.KOH活化法高 比表面积竹质活性炭的制备与表征[J]. 功能材料,2006,37(4):675吒79.
[8] 商红岩,昊明铂,郑经堂,等。KOH活化 制备高比表面积窄孔径分布的活性炭纤维 的研究[J].炭素技术,1999,103(5):9
—13.
[9] 吴明铂.化学活化法制备活性炭的研究进 展[J].炭素技术,1999,102(4):19-23.
[10] Hayashi J,Uchibayashi M,Horikawa T,et
81. Synthesizing activated carbons f南m res— ins by chemical activation with K2 C03[J]. Carbon,2002,40:2747乏752.
[11] 张会平,肖新颜,杨立春.K。cO,活化法 制备椰壳活性炭[J].华南理工大学学 报:自然科学版,2006,34(3):63-66.
[1 2] caturla F,Molina—sabio,Rodriguez-Reinoso
F.Prepa£ation of activated carbon by chemi- cal activation with znCl2【J]. Carbon,
1991.29:999—1006.
【16]
prepamtion[J]. Materials Letter8,2002,
57:164—172.
Luis C Romero, Antonio Bonomo。 Elio E Gonzo. Acid-activated carbons from peanut
Rodriguez—Reinose。Mo“na-Sabio M. Acti- vated carbons from lignocellulosic materials by chemical and/or physical activation[J]. Carbon,1992,30:1111—1118.
Suna Balci,Timur Dogu,Hayrettin Y诅cel. Characterization of activated carbon pro.
duced from almond shell and hazelnut sheU
[J].Jounlal of chemical Technology&Bio—
technolog)r,1994,60:4191_4426.
Badie S Girgis,Samya S Yunis,Ashraf M Soliman. ChaI。acteristics of activa“jd carbon
{tom Deanut hulls in relation to conditions of
8heIls: synthesis, characterization and up— take of organic compound from aqueous So— lution8[J]. Adsorption Science and Tech- n0109),,2003,21(7):617≮26.
Marit Jagtoyen, Frank Derbyshire. Some considerations of the origins of por08ity in carbons from chemicaUy activated wood[J].
Carbon,1993,3l:1185—1192.
[18] Wilson K,Yang H,Seo cw,et a1.Select metal adsorption by activated carbon made from peanut shells[J]. Bioresource Tech-
nology,2006,97:2266_2270.