关于“中学生学英语,到底要不要学语法?”这个问题我的看法是:应该学语法,而且要学好。从高考试题改革形式来看,更须掌握语法。高考试题的改革虽侧重考察学生的交际能力,体现语言的交际性,不死抠语法,但从各个题型来看不懂语法仍是寸步难行。
根据中学语法教学的目的,语法教学应当遵循以下几条基本原则:
1.讲练结合。
2.联系上下文语境。
3.具有针对性。
下面就用我实际语法教学的一个案例来说明:
Grammar—Relative pronouns of attributive clauses: that, which, who, whom Module1 Unit1
一、教学课型:语法课
二、教材分析
1.教学内容:Relative pronouns of attributive clauses
2.教材处理
本课时为语法课,内容定语从句是高中阶段的学生英语学习的重难点。学生在初中时已有所涉猎,在高一模块一第一单元进行学习,目的是巩固和加深。所以教学内容分为两部分。第一部分展示定语从句的结构,引导学生发现关系代词使用的规律,并配以相关练习。第二部分为综合运用部分,进行提高和总结。
三、教学设计
本课遵循了任务型教学的基本理念,借助多媒体等教学辅助手段进行授课。设计了找句子,改句子,发现规律,运用规律,综合讨论和写作五项任务。运用规律,综合讨论和写作两部分体现了一定的难度和梯度。教学过程始终以学生为主体,灵活运用多种方式完成任务:难度小时,由学生个体完成:任务大时,学生结对子或组成小组完成。整节课的教学内容以定语从句为主线,以“my best friend”为主题,总结并巩固了本单元的学习内容。
四、教学过程
Step1 Leading in
Begin with a guessing game.
“It is a machine that can fly. What is it?”
“He is a popular singer in Taiwan who is famous for R&B. Who is he?”
“It is a machine which is user for moving people up and down. What is it?”
“She is a lovely girl that won the first place in women single table tennis in the 28th Olympic Games. Who is she?
[设计说明]
我在游戏中使用定语从句,并有意识地使用不同的关系代词,为下面的教学做好铺垫,引入本课主题定语从句。在创设的自然的学习氛围中渗透定语从句,旨在提高学生的语言感知能力。
Step2 The structure of attributive clause
[设计说明]
呈现定语丛句的结构,介绍“定语从句”、“关系代词”、“先行词”等概念,引导学生关注定语从句和简单句、并列复合句的联系,为下面活动做好准备。
Step3 Find out the attributive clauses in a passage.
David Holmes studied at our school from 1990 to 1998. He has recently returned from his studies in Chine. David was one of the most helpful students who we ever had. In 1998, he went to Oxford University where he got interested in Chinese culture.
After graduating from university, he went to China to study Chinese at Beijing Language and Culture University. Two years later, he was able to speak very good Chinese. Up on finishing his studies, he started traveling in China. Some of the cities which he likes most are Beijing, Shanghai, Harbin and Nanjing. In China he developed an interest in teaching English to Chinese students. Most of the students that he taught have became his friends.
[设计说明]
检查学生对定语从句结构的辨认。
教师和学生一起总结关系代词的用法,然后学生进行自评。
对学生自评情况进行分析:
1.掌握关系代词的用法
2.在听、说、读、写中熟练运用定语从句
3.小组合作学习参与情况
4.对第一小组掌握定语从句的自评抽样
五、课后反思
本节语法课依据《英语课程标准》的理念,从运用的角度出发,从帮助学生形成有效的学习策略的角度出发,设计各个环节,这是教学最成功的地方。整节课以学生为主体,教师指导学生通过观察、体验、探究、合作等积极主动的学习方式,发现语言规律并运用到各种语言实践活动中,在活动中同时培养学生用英语获取信息、处理信息的能力。
通过我们同头老师的共同备课,听课,评课,以及我个人对本节课的准备,修改和成功的演绎,我深深地感到高中英语教师只有在端正认识的基础上改革教法,才能开拓语法教学的新局面,真正把教学的重点转移到“实际掌握”上来,为提高整个英语教学水平做出贡献。